Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of chewing gums containing CPP-ACP in remineralisation of demineralised enamel around orthodontic brackets. Material and Methods: Enamel blocks from 120 bovine incisors were used. The blocks were flattened and polished, followed by the development of incipient subsurface caries. The blocks have been subjected to a baseline microhardness analysis. Orthodontic brackets were bonded to the exposed area of the blocks, reserving an area for hardness analysis. An in situ crossover (three-way crossover phases of 21 days with an interval of one week between them), controlled, randomised and blind experimental model was used, with the participation of 12 volunteers divided into groups: G1 – negative control group, without chewing gum; G2 – conventional sugar-free chewing gum, without CPP-ACP (placebo); and G3 – sugar-free chewing gum with CPP-ACP. The following parameters were analysed: superficial linear (Ra), volumetric roughness (Sa), and superficial structural loss, which was indicated by Gap measurement (difference between the healthy and treated area). Statistical tests used were the Friedman, Wilcoxon and Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal Wallis' nonparametric tests and ANOVA. Results: There was a significant reduction in enamel microhardness after demineralisation in all the groups (p<0.05). This deleterious effect was attenuated in the three groups after the final evaluation, although there were no statistical differences (p<0.05); however, the final values did not return to the baseline values (p<0.05). Conclusion: Chewing gum containing CPP-ACP did not promote in situ remineralisation of demineralised enamel around orthodontic brackets.

ABSTRACT Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is known as Leopard syndrome, which is a mnemonic rule for multiple lentigines (L), electrocardiographic conduction abnormalities (E), ocular hypertelorism (O), pulmonary stenosis (P), abnormalities of genitalia (A), retardation of growth (R), and deafness (D). We report the case of a 12-year-old patient with some of the abovementioned characteristics: hypertelorism, macroglossia, lentigines, hypospadias, cryptorchidism, subaortic stenosis, growth retardation, and hearing impairment. Due to this set of symptoms, we diagnosed Leopard syndrome.

Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos de diferentes bebidas alcoólicas sobre a força de decaimento de elásticos ortodônticos.Material e método: Em estudo laboratorial, foram testados 7 grupos de amostra, sendo: 1 grupo controle representado pela água destilada, e 6 experimentais: 2- Wisky, 3-Conhaque, 4-Vodka, 5-Cerveja, 6-Cachaça e 7-Vinho. Utilizou-se gabaritos para realizar a submersão das cadeias nas soluções de bebidas alcoólicas durante 30 segundos, uma vez ao dia nos grupos experimentais. A medição de força foi realizada com um dinamômetro digital em seis períodos diferentes 0, 1, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias.Resultado: Não houve diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos nos momentos baseline, 7 dias, 14 dias e 28 dias. Foram observadas diferenças estatísticas entre o grupo 7 e os demais no momento 24 horas e entre o grupo 1 e os demais no período 21 dias. No período 28 dias não houve diferenças significativas no padrão de força entre todos os grupos (p<0.05)Conclusão: As bebidas alcoolicas não exercem influência na degradação da força dos elásticos em cadeia.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of different alcoholic beverages on the decline in force of orthodontic elastics.Material and method: In a laboratory study, 6 groups of alcoholic beverages were tested. Control group (Group 1) was composed of distilled water. Experimental groups were Whisky (Group 2), Brandy (Group 3), Vodka (Group 4), Beer (Group 5), Sugar Cane Spirit/Rum (Group 6), Wine (Group 7). In the experimental groups, templates were used to enable elastics to be submerged in the alcoholic beverages for 30 seconds once a day. Force was measured with a digital dynamometer in six different time intervals: baseline, 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days.Result:There were no significant differences between the treatments in the time intervals: baseline, 7, 14 and 28 days. There were statistical differences between Group 7 and the others in the first 24 hours, and between Group 1 and the others after 21 days. After 28 days, there were no significant differences in the force pattern among all groups (p<0.05).Conclusion: Alcoholic beverages had no influence on the decline in force of the chain elastics.

Eccrine syringofibroadenoma is a rare benign neoplasia derived from acrosyryngium cells of the eccrine sudoriferous glands. It affects the extremities of elderly individuals as solitary tumors, or may also present as multiple lesions. There are controversies about the pathogenesis and differentiation of the tumor. Eccrine syringofibroadenoma has been associated with subjacent conditions, such as for example, hypohidrotic ectodermic dysplasias. The authors describe a case report of a patient with Clouston Syndrome, who presented papules and nodules in extremities, clinically and histologically compatible with eccrine syringofibroadenoma. There are only three cases described in the literature, associated with Clouston Syndrome, and this is the fourth case.

PURPOSE:To investigate the effects of classical acupuncture (Ac) and electroacupuncture (EAc) on estradiol-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in health rodents. METHODS: Twenty-four eight-week old female rats were treated with estradiol valerate (EV) 4.0 mg i.m. single dose and randomly assigned to four groups (n=6): G1(control), G2 (Ac), G3 (EAc 2 Hz) and G4 (EAc 100 Hz). After 60 days all rats were anesthetized with chloral hydrate 10% (0.1 ml/30 g weight of the animal) and submitted to Ac/EAc for twenty minutes. The procedures were repeated on days three, five, seven and nine of the study. The equivalent of the human right ST-36 (Zusanli) and SP-6 (Sanyinjiao) acupoints were chosen for needling and electrical stimulation. On the 10th day of the experiment, all rats were anesthetized for collection of blood and tissues (ovaries) samples for biochemical analysis and histological examination. RESULTS:Glutathione (GSH) and malonaldehyde (MDA) concentrations increased significantly in all groups (plasma and ovary) while myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity decreased significantly in all groups compared with control group (G1). CONCLUSIONS:Both classical acupuncture and electroacupuncture decrease systemic and local oxidative stress and ovary inflammation in healthy rats exposed to estrogenic stimulation. EAc enhances lipid peroxidation at systemic and local levels in female rats exposed to estrogenic stimulation.

The present article describes a clinical case of an adult patient using an orthodontic appliance, who returned to the dental office after the placement of orthodontic mini-implants, complaining of aphthas. By means of clinical and case history evaluation the diagnosis of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis was reached. The treatment was prescription of an antiviral agent associated with a chlorhexidine-based oral mouthwash. One week after their onset, there was complete regression of the lesions.

El presente artículo describe un caso clínico de un paciente adulto utilizando un aparato de ortodoncia, que regresó a la consulta dental después de la colocación de mini-implantes ortodónticos, quejándose de aftas. Por medio de la evaluación clínica y de historia del caso, el diagnóstico de gingivoestomatitis herpética primaria fue realizado. El tratamiento fue la prescripción de un agente antiviral asociados con un enjuague bucal con clorhexidina. Una semana después de su inicio, se produjo regresión completa de las lesiones.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a resistência à fratura de fêmures de ratos tratados com o imunossupressor tacrolimus FK-506 e compará-los a ratos tratados com placebo e não tratados. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 90 ratos da linhagem Wistar machos. Os animais tinham nove semanas de idade e peso entre 220 e 280g. O medicamento utilizado neste estudo foi o agente imunossupressor tacrolimus administrado por via oral, 2mg/kg/dia. A suspensão foi administrada com auxílio de seringa de insulina, sendo a dose terapêutica de manutenção suficiente para manter a atividade imunossupressora. Os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos (n = 30): grupo 1, nenhuma substância administrada; grupo 2, administração do imunossupressor tacrolimus FK-506; e grupo 3, administrado apenas veículo. O tratamento com FK-506 foi realizado por 28 dias. Foram avaliadas as contagens totais de leucócitos e diferencial (linfócitos, monócitos, eosinófilos e neutrófilos), com objetivo de monitoramento do efeito imunossupressor. Uma outra análise realizada foi a da densitometria óssea por absorção de raios-X de dupla energia (DXA) antes e após administração do fármaco. Para avaliar a resistência à flexão, desenvolveu-se dispositivo que serviu de apoio para realização dos ensaios mecânicos em máquina universal de ensaios mecânicos EMIC. RESULTADOS: Os resultados da resistência à flexão demonstraram diferenças estatísticas entre os grupo 1 e 2 (p = 0,001) e 2 e 3 (p = 0,001). Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos 1 e 3 (p = 0,995). CONCLUSÕES: Os fêmures de ratos tratados com o imunossupressor apresentam menor resistência mecânica que os de ratos normais e os que utilizaram placebo.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the resistance to femur fractures in rats treated with the immunosuppressant tacrolimus FK-506 and compare them to untreated rats and rats treated with placebo. METHODS: We used 90 male Wistar rats. The animals were 9 weeks old and weighing between 220 g and 280 g. The immunosuppressive agent tacrolimus, 2 mg / kg / day, orally administered was used in this study. The suspension was administered using an insulin syringe, and the maintenance dose was sufficient to maintain the immunosuppressive activity. The animals were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=30): Group 1, no substance administered; Group 2 was administered the immunosuppressant tacrolimus FK-506; and Group 3 was administered only the vehicle. Treatment with FK-506 was performed for 28 days. Total and differential (lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils) leukocyte counts were done to monitor the immunosuppressive effect. Bone densitometry analysis by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was also done before and after administration of the drug. To evaluate the flexural strength, a support device was developed to aid in mechanical tests using an EMIC universal testing machine. RESULTS: The results of the flexural strength tests showed statistical differences between group 1 and 2 (p = 0.001) and 2 and 3 (p = 0.001). No statistical difference was found between groups 1 and 3 (p = 0.995). CONCLUSIONS: The femurs of rats treated with immunosuppressive agent have lower mechanical strength than those of normal rats and those using placebo.

Nos países em que é comercializada, a administração precoce de levosimendana deve ser considerada em pacientes que permanecem sintomáticos e com dispnéia em repouso apesar da terapia inicial, principalmente aqueles com história de insuficiência cardíaca crônica ou em tratamento prolongado com betabloqueadores. Pacientes hipotensos ou com isquemia ativa não são os melhores candidatos para receber infusão de levosimendana e precisam, primeiro, ter esses problemas tratados.

In countries where it is available, early levosimendan infusion can be considered for patients who remain symptomatic with dyspnea at rest despite initial therapy, particularly those with a history of chronic heart failure or chronically treated with beta-blockers. Hypotensive patients or patients with active ischemia are not the best candidates for levosimendan administration and should have these problems addressed first.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a ocorrência de variáveis detectoras de isquemia miocárdica, durante ou após o tratamento odontológico, sob anestesia com vasoconstritor (adrenalina). MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 54 pacientes coronariopatas submetidos a exodontia sob anestesia local com ou sem vasoconstritor, divididos em dois grupos (sorteio por envelope): grupo I, composto por 27 que receberam anestésico com vasoconstritor; e grupo II, composto por 27 que receberam anestésico sem vasoconstritor. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a monitoração eletrocardiográfica com Holter por 24 horas, a Doppler-ecocardiografia realizada antes e após intervenção odontológica, e a dosagem dos marcadores bioquímicos antes e 24 horas após a exodontia (creatina cinase fração MB [CK-MB] massa, CK-MB atividade e troponina T). A freqüência cardíaca e a pressão arterial nas fases pré-anestesia, pós-anestesia e pós-exodontia também foram aferidas. A Doppler-ecocardiografia teve como objetivo avaliar a contratilidade segmentar do ventrículo esquerdo e a eventual ocorrência de insuficiência mitral. Em todos os casos foi mantido o protocolo farmacológico habitual prescrito pelo cardiologista. RESULTADOS: Três pacientes do grupo I apresentaram depressão do segmento ST (1,0 mm) durante a aplicação da anestesia, dois outros pacientes do mesmo grupo tiveram elevação da CK-MB massa, e em nenhum caso foi verificada presença de isquemia avaliada pelos demais métodos. Não houve registro, neste estudo, de precordialgia, arritmias e ocorrência ou agravamento de hipocontratilidade segmentar do ventrículo esquerdo ou insuficiência mitral. CONCLUSÃO: A exodontia praticada sob uso de anestesia com adrenalina 1:100.000 não implica riscos isquêmicos adicionais quando realizada com boa técnica anestésica e manutenção do tratamento farmacológico prescrito pelo cardiologista.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the occurrence of variables detecting myocardial ischemia during or after dental treatment under anesthesia with vasoconstrictor (epinephrine). METHODS: A total of 54 coronary patients undergoing dental extraction under local anesthesia with or without vasoconstrictor were included. They were divided into two groups (by drawing envelopes): group I (27 patients) using anesthetics with vasoconstrictor, and group II (27 cases) without vasoconstrictor. 24-hour Holter monitoring, Doppler-echocardiogram before and after dental intervention, and determination of biochemical markers (CK-MB mass, CK-MB activity, and troponin T) before and 24 hours after dental extraction were performed in all patients. Heart rate and blood pressure were also measured in the pre, post-anesthesia and post-dental extraction phases. Doppler echocardiography assessed left ventricular segmental contractility and the occasional occurrence of mitral regurgitation. The usual pharmaceutical treatment prescribed by the cardiologist was maintained in all cases. RESULTS: Three patients in group I presented ST-segment depression (1.0 mm) during administration of anesthesia; two other patients in group I had CK-MB mass elevation, and ischemia was not observed in any other case, as assessed by the other methods. No chest pain, arrhythmias, occurrence or worsening of left ventricular segmental hypocontractility or mitral regurgitation were observed in the study. CONCLUSION: Dental extraction performed under anesthesia with 1:100,000 epinephrine does not imply additional ischemic risks, as long as performed with good anesthetic technique and maintenance of the pharmacological treatment prescribed by the cardiologist.